2.2. Engine oil
Viscosity and specifications
At manufacturer in the engine fill in quality special all-weather oil which is suitable for operation at all seasons of the year, except for especially cold climatic zones.
In the engine it is possible to add oil of other specification. Degree of viscosity of oil should be chosen according to data in fig. 2-1. If air temperature only quickly does not keep within the range of values of temperature given on the drawing, oil should not be replaced.
Petrol engines
And – all-weather oils with the increased antifrictional properties, the VW 500 00 specification.
In – all-weather oils, the VW 501 01 specification.
– all-weather oils, API-SF or SG specification.
Diesel engines
And – all-weather oils with the increased antifrictional properties, the VW 500 00 specification (for diesel engines with a turbo-supercharging only in mix with oil of the VW 505 00 specification).
In – all-weather oils, the VW 505 00 specification (for all diesel engines),
– all-weather oils, the API-CD specification (for diesel engines with a turbo-supercharging only in urgent cases for a dolivka).
– all-weather oils, the VW 501 01 specification (for diesel engines with a turbo-supercharging only in mix with oil of the VW 505 00 specification).
Qualities of engine oils
All-weather oils of the VW 501 01 and VW 505 00 specifications are rather inexpensive and have the following qualities:
– a possibility of year-round use in zones of a temperate climate;
– the excellent washing properties;
– the good greasing ability at any temperature and loadings of the engine;
– stability of initial properties for a long time.
All-weather oils with the improved antifrictional qualities according to the VW 500 00 specification have, besides, additional advantages:
– a possibility of use practically at any temperature of external air;
– small losses of engine capacity on friction;
– facilitate launch of the cold engine even at very low temperature.
Preventions
Seasonal oils owing to specific viscous and temperature properties inherent in them usually cannot be used all the year round therefore they should be applied only in the corresponding climatic zones.
When using all-weather SAE 5W-30 oils it is necessary to avoid long operation of the engine with high frequency of rotation and constant big load of the engine. These restrictions do not extend to all-weather oils with the improved antifrictional qualities.
Additives to engine oils
It is not necessary to add to engine oil of additive, the reducing losses on friction.
Mixing of oils
This and similar questions interest many motorists. Unfortunately, oils cannot be mixed even if it oils of the leading producers (Shell, Mobil, British Petroleum). Each firm produces commodity oils, adding the whole complex of additives which chemical composition is kept a secret to an oil basis. Therefore when mixing the high-quality oils of identical appointment made according to requirements of the existing systems of classification of engine oils, but on technologies of various firms, mixes of poor quality because of incompatibility of additives can turn out. Oils of different firms are interchanged, engine builders often point to a possibility of use of such oils. But it does not mean that they can be mixed. Systems of classification of API and ASEA assume obligatory identical test methods (laboratory, bench – motor, etc.) oils of different firms. At desire (or need) automobile building firms can enter additional tests (or more severe conditions) oils.
The same treats mixing of mineral or synthetic oils (sometimes even one firm). Synthetic oils, for example hydrocarbonic, one firm it is possible to mix. In this case the firm – producer of oil makes the corresponding recommendations and bears responsibility. Nevertheless cases when when mixing oils their quality worsens are frequent. As a result of it can begin to knock the engine as mix of incompatible oils turns into "jelly".
It is impossible to mix import and domestic oils, especially with additive of domestic additives at all. Neither the seller, nor the consumer know composition of additives which are added to oils. Some oils of "a domestic origin" are produced by the "firms" which do not have even elementary knowledge of oil products. Sometimes such "experts" use the fulfilled oils (even without appropriate regeneration) for production of "commodity". Use only the oils recommended in the operation manual.
No "cleaners" (Tokron, etc.) are capable to increase gasoline octane number. For this purpose use special additives – anti-detonators which add in the course of production of gasoline at the petroplants, or additives. The deposit in the combustion chamber can be the detonation reason (the metal knock in operating time of the engine is heard) and kalilny ignition (the engine continues to work at the switched-off ignition).
Increase in a compression in the system "at introduction of some additives" happens not at the expense of viscous additives as they do not incorporate them, and for other reasons.
To reduce oil waste in the old engine and to raise a compression in cylinders due to use of high-viscous oils it is inexpedient as it will really lead to increase in a compression in cylinders, but for a while. Further repair of the engine will be more expensive.
Its wear therefore repair with the subsequent use of high-quality oil will cost cheaper is the reason of "acoustic" noise in the old engine. It is possible to reduce gaps additives, but it is necessary to understand expediency of it not to do much harm to the engine.
It is necessary to take for the rule: to use the high-quality oil of one brand corresponding to the engine and not to mix it with synthetic (or semi-synthetic) oil. The engine will thank for it no-failure operation. Do not buy oil "privately" as it is easy to forge packing.
Replacement of oil and oil filter
Periodic replacement of oil and oil filter – the most important preventive procedure of maintenance. In use engine oil grows old – becomes liquid and polluted that leads to premature wear of the engine.
Replacement of oil should be made right after a trip on yet not cooled down engine that oil flew down together with pollution better.
Lift the car on the elevator or establish it in horizontal position on a viewing ditch.
Remove the lower mudguard of the engine.
Petrol V6 engines
Place a container for collecting oil under a masloslivny opening and unscrew a stopper. If it is necessary, press a stopper when you unscrew that oil did not flow down prematurely, and merge engine oil.
When oil completely flows down, wipe oil around a drain opening and screw in a stopper of discharge of oil with a new sealing ring.
Wipe an installation site of an oil filter and screw in a new oil filter.
Fill in oil of the corresponding brand in the engine.
Petrol V8 engines
The oil filter is located in the right back part of the engine.
On V8-5V engines there is no stopper of discharge of oil on a cover of an oil filter.
Place a container for collecting oil under a drain opening and unscrew a stopper. If it is necessary, press a stopper when you unscrew that oil did not flow down prematurely, and merge engine oil.
|
Fig. 2-3. Arrangement of a bolt (1) of fastening of an oil filter (3) and stopper (2) of a drain opening
|
Unscrew a bolt of 1 fastening and uncover also the filtering element of an oil filter.
|
Fig. 2-4. Elements of an oil filter of the eight-cylinder petrol engine: 1 – bolt; 2 – consolidation; 3 – cover; 4 – sealing ring; 5 – the filtering element; 6 – sealing ring; 7 – stopper of a drain opening
|
Wipe the case and a cover of an oil filter and establish the new filtering element 5 (fig. 2-4) of an oil filter.
Oil fresh engine a sealing ring 4, establish a cover 3 with a sealing ring into place and fix by a bolt 1 with new consolidation 2, having tightened its moment 25 N · m.
Screw in a stopper 7 with a new sealing ring 6 in a cover of the filter and tighten its moment 50 N · m.
Wipe oil around a drain opening and screw in a stopper of a drain opening in the oil pallet, having tightened its moment 35 N · m.
Fill in oil of the corresponding brand in the engine.
On V8-5V engines tighten a bolt of fastening of a cover of an oil filter the moment of 25 N · m, and a stopper to the oil pallet the moment of 50 N · m.
Diesel V6 TDI engines
|
Fig. 2-5. Oil filter of the diesel V6 TDI engine: 1 – cover; 2 – sealing ring; 3 – the filtering element
|
Remove a sealing ring 2 and the filtering element 3 of an oil filter.
Clear the case of an oil filter and establish the new filtering element 3.
Establish on a cover 1 new sealing ring 2 and screw a cover on the case, having tightened its moment 25 N · m.
Place a container for discharge of oil under a drain opening and unscrew a stopper, if necessary pressing it when you unscrew that oil did not follow prematurely, and merge engine oil.
When oil completely flows down, wipe oil around a drain opening and screw in a stopper with a new sealing ring, having tightened its moment 25 N · m.
Fill in oil of the corresponding brand in the engine.
Diesel V8 TDI engines 3.3l
The oil filter is located on the right side of the engine, about the lower frame.
Place a container for discharge of oil under a drain opening of oil and unscrew a stopper. If necessary press a stopper when you unscrew that oil did not flow down prematurely, and merge engine oil.
|
Fig. 2-7. Oil filter of the diesel V8 TDI engine 3.3l: 1 – stopper; 2 – sealing ring; 3 – cover; 4 – sealing ring; 5 – the filtering element
|
Remove a sealing ring 4 and the filtering element 5.
Clear the case of an oil filter and establish the new filtering element 5.
Establish 3 new sealing ring 4 greased with a thin butter layer on a cover, and screw a cover on the case, having tightened its moment 25 N · m.
Screw in a stopper 1 with a new sealing ring 2 and tighten its moment 10 N · m.
Screw up a stopper of a drain opening with a new sealing ring, having tightened its moment 50 N · m.
Fill in oil of the corresponding brand in the engine.
Engines with a turbocompressor
After replacement of oil and an oil filter at the first start-up the engine has to idle until the control lamp of pressure of oil goes out. If to increase rotation frequency at the burning lamp, the turbocompressor can fail.
Check of level of engine oil
|
Fig. 2-8. Level of oil and an arrangement of tags on the index (probe) of level of oil: a – minimum; b – normal; c – maximum
|
Check the level of engine oil. If the level of oil is lower than norm, add oil in the small portions until the level of oil reaches a tag of MAX (fig. 2-8) on the index (probe) of level of oil.
If the level of oil is at the mark MIN, at addition about one more liters the level of oil will rise to maximum. Close a cover a bulk mouth.
Launch the engine and let's it work several minutes. Check whether there is no leak of oil around the filter and a stopper of a drain opening on the pallet. Keep in mind that the control lamp of pressure of oil can burn several seconds (so far oil will not fill all lubrication system).
Stop the engine and wait several minutes that oil flew down in the pallet. Check the level of oil and add if it is necessary. Check reliability of an inhaling of a stopper.